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Compare El Salvador (2002) - Zambia (2001)

Compare El Salvador (2002) z Zambia (2001)

 El Salvador (2002)Zambia (2001)
 El SalvadorZambia
Administrative divisions 14 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Ahuachapan, Cabanas, Chalatenango, Cuscatlan, La Libertad, La Paz, La Union, Morazan, San Miguel, San Salvador, Santa Ana, San Vicente, Sonsonate, Usulutan 9 provinces; Central, Copperbelt, Eastern, Luapula, Lusaka, Northern, North-Western, Southern, Western
Age structure 0-14 years: 37.4% (male 1,211,156; female 1,162,317)


15-64 years: 57.5% (male 1,735,744; female 1,922,395)


65 years and over: 5.1% (male 144,864; female 177,205) (2002 est.)
0-14 years:
47.36% (male 2,324,128; female 2,303,349)

15-64 years:
50.14% (male 2,433,250; female 2,465,747)

65 years and over:
2.5% (male 105,694; female 138,031) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products coffee, sugar, corn, rice, beans, oilseed, cotton, sorghum; shrimp; beef, dairy products corn, sorghum, rice, peanuts, sunflower seed, vegetables, flowers, tobacco, cotton, sugarcane, cassava (tapioca); cattle, goats, pigs, poultry, milk, eggs, hides; coffee
Airports 83 (2001) 112 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 4


over 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2002)
total:
13

over 3,047 m:
1

2,438 to 3,047 m:
3

1,524 to 2,437 m:
5

914 to 1,523 m:
3

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 78


914 to 1,523 m: 17


under 914 m: 61 (2002)
total:
99

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
2

914 to 1,523 m:
65

under 914 m:
31 (2000 est.)
Area total: 21,040 sq km


land: 20,720 sq km


water: 320 sq km
total:
752,614 sq km

land:
740,724 sq km

water:
11,890 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Massachusetts slightly larger than Texas
Background El Salvador achieved independence from Spain in 1821 and from the Central American Federation in 1839. A 12-year civil war, which cost about 75,000 lives, was brought to a close in 1992 when the government and leftist rebels signed a treaty that provided for military and political reforms. The territory of Northern Rhodesia was administered by the South Africa Company from 1891 until takeover by the UK in 1923. During the 1920s and 1930s, advances in mining spurred development and immigration. The name was changed to Zambia upon independence in 1964. In the 1980s and 1990s, declining copper prices and a prolonged drought hurt the economy. Elections in 1991 brought an end to one-party rule, but the subsequent vote in 1996 saw blatant harassment of opposition parties.
Birth rate 28.3 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) 41.46 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $2.1 billion


expenditures: $2.5 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2001 est.) (2001 est.)
revenues:
$900 million

expenditures:
$1 billion, including capital expenditures of NA million (1999 est.)
Capital San Salvador Lusaka
Climate tropical; rainy season (May to October); dry season (November to April); tropical on coast; temperate in uplands tropical; modified by altitude; rainy season (October to April)
Coastline 307 km 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution 23 December 1983 2 August 1991
Country name conventional long form: Republic of El Salvador


conventional short form: El Salvador


local long form: Republica de El Salvador


local short form: El Salvador
conventional long form:
Republic of Zambia

conventional short form:
Zambia

former:
Northern Rhodesia
Currency Salvadoran colon (SVC); US dollar (USD) Zambian kwacha (ZMK)
Death rate 6.1 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) 21.97 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $4.9 billion (2001 est.) $6.5 billion (2000)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Rose M. LIKINS


embassy: Final Boulevard Santa Elena Sur, Urbanizacion Santa Elena, Antiguo Cuscatlan, La Libertad, San Salvador


mailing address: Unit 3116, APO AA 34023


telephone: [503] 278-4444


FAX: [503] 278-6011
chief of mission:
Ambassador David B. DUNN

embassy:
corner of Independence and United Nations Avenues

mailing address:
P. O. Box 31617, Lusaka

telephone:
[260] (1) 250-955

FAX:
[260] (1) 252-225
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Rene Antonio LEON Rodriguez


chancery: 2308 California Street NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 265-9671


consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Dallas, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, and San Francisco
chief of mission:
Ambassador Atan SHANSONGA

chancery:
2419 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 265-9717 through 9719

FAX:
[1] (202) 332-0826
Disputes - international El Salvador claims tiny Conejo Island off Honduras in the Golfo de Fonseca; many of the "bolsones" (disputed areas) along the El Salvador-Honduras boundary remain undemarcated despite ICJ adjudication in 1992; with respect to the maritime boundary in the Golfo de Fonseca, the ICJ referred to the line determined by the 1900 Honduras-Nicaragua Mixed Boundary Commission and advised that some tripartite resolution among El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua likely would be required -
Economic aid - recipient total $252 million; $57 million from US (1999 est.) $1.99 billion (1995)
Economy - overview El Salvador is a struggling Central American economy which has been suffering from a weak tax collection system, factory closings, the aftermaths of Hurricane Mitch of 1998 and the devastating earthquakes of early 2001, and weak world coffee prices. On the bright side, in recent years inflation has fallen to single digit levels, and total exports have grown substantially. The trade deficit has been offset by remittances (an estimated $1.6 billion in 2000) from Salvadorans living abroad and by external aid. As of 1 January 2001, the US dollar was made legal tender alongside the colon. Growth in 2002 will depend largely on the speed of recovery in the US. Despite progress in privatization and budgetary reform, Zambia's economy has a long way to go. Privatization of government-owned copper mines relieved the government from covering mammoth losses generated by the industry and greatly improved the chances for copper mining to return to profitability and spur economic growth. In late 2000, Zambia was determined to be eligible for debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative. Inflation and unemployment rates remain high, but the GDP growth rate should rise in 2001.
Electricity - consumption 4.07 billion kWh (2000) 5.926 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 112 million kWh (2000) 1.6 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 750 million kWh (2000) 419 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 3.69 billion kWh (2000) 7.642 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 42%


hydro: 36%


nuclear: 0%


other: 22% (2000)
fossil fuel:
0.55%

hydro:
99.45%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: Cerro El Pital 2,730 m
lowest point:
Zambezi river 329 m

highest point:
unnamed location in Mafinga Hills 2,301 m
Environment - current issues deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution; contamination of soils from disposal of toxic wastes air pollution and resulting acid rain in the mineral extraction and refining region; chemical runoff into watersheds; poaching seriously threatens rhinoceros, elephant, antelope, and large cat populations; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; lack of adequate water treatment presents human health risks
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Ethnic groups mestizo 90%, Amerindian 1%, white 9% African 98.7%, European 1.1%, other 0.2%
Exchange rates Salvadoran colones per US dollar - 8.750 (fixed since January 2001), 8.755 (fixed rate since 1993)


note: since January 2001 the US dollar has also become legal tender; the exchange rate has been fixed at 8.75 colones per US dollar
Zambian kwacha per US dollar - 4,024.53 (January 2001), 3,110.84 (2000), 2,388.02 (1999), 1,862.07 (1998), 1,314.50 (1997), 1,207.90 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: President Francisco FLORES Perez (since 1 June 1999); Vice President Carlos QUINTANILLA Schmidt (since 1 June 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President Francisco FLORES Perez (since 1 June 1999); Vice President Carlos QUINTANILLA Schmidt (since 1 June 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: Council of Ministers selected by the president


elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for five-year terms; election last held 7 March 1999 (next to be held NA March 2004)


election results: Francisco FLORES Perez elected president; percent of vote - Francisco FLORES (ARENA) 52%, Facundo GUARDADO (FMLN) 29%, Ruben ZAMORA (CD) 7.5%, other (no individual above 3%) 11.5%
chief of state:
President Frederick CHILUBA (since 2 November 1991); Vice President Enoch KAVINDELE (since 4 May 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Frederick CHILUBA (since 2 November 1991); Vice President Enoch KAVINDELE (since 4 May 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 18 November 1996 (next to be held NA October 2001); vice president appointed by the president

election results:
Frederick CHILUBA reelected president; percent of vote - Frederick CHILUBA 72.5%, Dean MUNGO'MBA 12.6%, Humphrey MULEMBA 7%, Akashambatwa LEWANIKA 4.7%, Chama CHAKOMBOKA 3.2%
Exports $2.9 billion (2001) $928 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commodities offshore assembly exports, coffee, sugar, shrimp, textiles, chemicals, electricity copper, cobalt, electricity, tobacco
Exports - partners US 65%, Guatemala 11%, Honduras 8%, EU 5% (2000) Japan, Saudi Arabia, India, Thailand, South Africa, US, Malaysia (1997)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and blue with the national coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a round emblem encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL; similar to the flag of Nicaragua, which has a different coat of arms centered in the white band - it features a triangle encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom; also similar to the flag of Honduras, which has five blue stars arranged in an X pattern centered in the white band green with a panel of three vertical bands of red (hoist side), black, and orange below a soaring orange eagle, on the outer edge of the flag
GDP purchasing power parity - $28.4 billion (2001 est.) purchasing power parity - $8.5 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 10%


industry: 30%


services: 60% (2000) (2000)
agriculture:
18%

industry:
27%

services:
55% (1999 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $4,600 (2001 est.) purchasing power parity - $880 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 1.4% (2001 est.) 4% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 13 50 N, 88 55 W 15 00 S, 30 00 E
Geography - note smallest Central American country and only one without a coastline on Caribbean Sea landlocked
Heliports 1 (2002) -
Highways total: 10,029 km


paved: 1,986 km (including 327 km of expressways)


unpaved: 8,043 km (1997)
total:
66,781 km

paved:
NA km

unpaved:
NA km (1997 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: 1%


highest 10%: 39% (2001) (2001)
lowest 10%:
1.6%

highest 10%:
39.2% (1995)
Illicit drugs transshipment point for cocaine; small amounts of marijuana produced for local consumption; domestic cocaine abuse on the rise transshipment point for moderate amounts of methaqualone, small amounts of heroin, and cocaine bound for Southern Africa and possibly Europe; regional money-laundering center
Imports $5 billion (2001) $1.05 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities raw materials, consumer goods, capital goods, fuels, foodstuffs, petroleum, electricity machinery, transportation equipment, fuels, petroleum products, electricity, fertilizer; foodstuffs, clothing
Imports - partners US 50%, Guatemala 10%, EU 7%, Mexico 5%, (2000) South Africa 48%, Saudi Arabia, UK, Zimbabwe (1997)
Independence 15 September 1821 (from Spain) 24 October 1964 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate 3% (2001 est.) 6.1% (2000 est.)
Industries food processing, beverages, petroleum, chemicals, fertilizer, textiles, furniture, light metals copper mining and processing, construction, foodstuffs, beverages, chemicals, textiles, fertilizer
Infant mortality rate 27.58 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) 90.89 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 3.8% (2001 est.) 27.3% (2000 est.)
International organization participation BCIE, CACM, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LAES, LAIA (observer), MINURSO, NAM (observer), OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-19, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, MONUC, NAM, OAU, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNTAET, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 4 (2000) 3 (2000)
Irrigated land 360 sq km (1998 est.) 460 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges are selected by the Legislative Assembly) Supreme Court (the final court of appeal; justices are appointed by the president); High Court (has unlimited jurisdiction to hear civil and criminal cases)
Labor force 2.35 million (1999) (1999) 3.4 million
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 30%, industry 15%, services 55% (1999 est.) agriculture 85%, industry 6%, services 9%
Land boundaries total: 545 km


border countries: Guatemala 203 km, Honduras 342 km
total:
5,664 km

border countries:
Angola 1,110 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 1,930 km, Malawi 837 km, Mozambique 419 km, Namibia 233 km, Tanzania 338 km, Zimbabwe 797 km
Land use arable land: 27.27%


permanent crops: 12.11%


other: 60.62% (1998 est.)
arable land:
7%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
40%

forests and woodland:
39%

other:
14% (1993 est.)
Languages Spanish, Nahua (among some Amerindians) English (official), major vernaculars - Bemba, Kaonda, Lozi, Lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga, and about 70 other indigenous languages
Legal system based on civil and Roman law, with traces of common law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations based on English common law and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in an ad hoc constitutional council; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral Legislative Assembly or Asamblea Legislativa (84 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve three-year terms)


elections: last held 16 March 2003 (next to be held NA March 2006)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FMLN 31, ARENA 27, PCN 16, PDC 5, CD 5
unicameral National Assembly (150 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 18 November 1996 (next to be held NA December 2001)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - MMD 131, NP 5, Zadeco 2, AZ 2, independents 10
Life expectancy at birth total population: 70.32 years


male: 66.72 years


female: 74.11 years (2002 est.)
total population:
37.29 years

male:
37.06 years

female:
37.53 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 10 and over can read and write


total population: 71.5%


male: 73.5%


female: 69.8% (1995 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write English

total population:
78.2%

male:
85.6%

female:
71.3% (1995 est.)
Location Middle America, bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Guatemala and Honduras Southern Africa, east of Angola
Map references Central America and the Caribbean Africa
Maritime claims territorial sea: 200 NM none (landlocked)
Merchant marine none (2002 est.) -
Military branches Army, Navy (FNES), Air Force Army, Air Force, National Service, police
Military expenditures - dollar figure $112 million (FY99) $76 million (FY97)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 0.7% (FY99) 1.8% (FY97)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 1,500,712 (2002 est.) males age 15-49:
2,246,640 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 951,715 (2002 est.) males age 15-49:
1,193,047 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age (2002 est.) -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males: 68,103 (2002 est.) -
National holiday Independence Day, 15 September (1821) Independence Day, 24 October (1964)
Nationality noun: Salvadoran(s)


adjective: Salvadoran
noun:
Zambian(s)

adjective:
Zambian
Natural hazards known as the Land of Volcanoes; frequent and sometimes very destructive earthquakes and volcanic activity; extremely susceptible to hurricanes tropical storms (November to April)
Natural resources hydropower, geothermal power, petroleum, arable land copper, cobalt, zinc, lead, coal, emeralds, gold, silver, uranium, hydropower
Net migration rate -3.88 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) -0.16 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines - crude oil 1,724 km
Political parties and leaders Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Rodolfo PARKER]; Democratic Convergence or CD [Ruben ZAMORA, secretary general] (includes Social Democratic Party or PSD [Juan MEDRANO, leader); Democratic Party or PD [Jorge MELENDEZ]; Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front or FMLN [Fabio CASTILLO]; Liberal Democratic Party or PLD [Kirio Waldo SALGADO, president]; National Action Party or PAN [Gustavo Rogelio SALINAS, secretary general]; National Conciliation Party or PCN [Ciro CRUZ Zepeda, president]; National Republican Alliance or ARENA [Walter ARAUJO]; Social Christian Union or USC (formed by the merger of Christian Social Renewal Party or PRSC and Unity Movement or MU) [Abraham RODRIGUEZ, president] Agenda for Zambia or AZ [Akashambatwa LEWANIKA]; Labor Party or LP [Chibiza MFUNI]; Liberal Progressive Front or LPF [Roger CHONGWE, president]; Movement for Democratic Process or MDP [Chama CHAKOM BOKA]; Movement for Multiparty Democracy or MMD [Frederick CHILUBA]; National Party or NP [Daniel LISULO]; Republican Party or RP [Ben MWILA]; Social Democratic Party or SDP [Gwendoline Konie]; United National Independence Party or UNIP [Tilyenji KAUNDA]; United Party for National Development or UPND [Anderson MAZOKA]; Zambia Democratic Congress or Zadeco [Eden JERRY, acting head]
Political pressure groups and leaders labor organizations - Electrical Industry Union of El Salvador or SIES; Federation of the Construction Industry, Similar Transport and other activities, or FESINCONTRANS; National Confederation of Salvadoran Workers or CNTS; National Union of Salvadoran Workers or UNTS; Port Industry Union of El Salvador or SIPES; Salvadoran Union of Ex-Petrolleros and Peasant Workers or USEPOC; Salvadoran Workers Central or CTS; Workers Union of Electrical Corporation or STCEL; business organizations - National Association of Small Enterprise or ANEP; Salvadoran Assembly Industry Association or ASIC; Salvadoran Industrial Association or ASI NA
Population 6,353,681 (July 2002 est.) 9,770,199

note:
estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line 48% (1999 est.) 86% (1993 est.)
Population growth rate 1.83% (2002 est.) 1.93% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Acajutla, Puerto Cutuco, La Libertad, La Union, Puerto El Triunfo Mpulungu
Radio broadcast stations AM 61 (plus 24 repeaters), FM 30, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 19, FM 5, shortwave 4 (1998)
Radios 2.75 million (1997) 1.03 million (1997)
Railways total: 562 km


narrow gauge: 562 km 0.914-m gauge


note: length of operational route is reduced to 283 km by disuse and lack of maintenance (2001 est.)
total:
2,164 km (1995)

narrow gauge:
2,164 km 1.067-m gauge (13 km double track)

note:
the total includes 891 km of the Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority (TAZARA), which operates 1,860 km of 1.067-m narrow gauge track between Dar es Salaam and Kapiri Mposhi where it connects to the Zambia Railways system; TAZARA is not a part of the Zambia Railways system; Zambia Railways assets are scheduled for concessioning in 2001
Religions Roman Catholic 83%


note: there is extensive activity by Protestant groups throughout the country; by the end of 1992, there were an estimated 1 million Protestant evangelicals in El Salvador
Christian 50%-75%, Muslim and Hindu 24%-49%, indigenous beliefs 1%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.9 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female


total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.01 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.99 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.77 male(s)/female

total population:
0.99 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: NA


domestic: nationwide microwave radio relay system


international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); connected to Central American Microwave System
general assessment:
facilities are among the best in Sub-Saharan Africa

domestic:
high-capacity microwave radio relay connects most larger towns and cities; several cellular telephone services in operation; Internet service is widely available; very small aperture terminal (VSAT) networks are operated by private firms

international:
satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 380,000 (1998) 77,935 (in addition there are about 40,000 fixed telephones in wireless local loop connections) (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 40,163 (1997) 6,000 (1998)
Television broadcast stations 5 (1997) 9 (1997)
Terrain mostly mountains with narrow coastal belt and central plateau mostly high plateau with some hills and mountains
Total fertility rate 3.29 children born/woman (2002 est.) 5.53 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 10% (2001 est.) 50% (2000 est.)
Waterways Rio Lempa partially navigable 2,250 km

note:
includes Lake Tanganyika and the Zambezi and Luapula rivers
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